ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื

ืคืจืง 8
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ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื ื‘ืš ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ืฉื•ื›ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื˜ืจื‘ื™ืฅ. ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžื•ื•ืกื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื”.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื˜ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1945?

ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืžื—ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ืœืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’.

ื’ืณื™ืค ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ืืœ ื”ืดืจื™ื™ื›ืกืžืกื”ืฉื˜ืื˜ืด (ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื™ืš) ื‘ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1945
ยฉ ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’, 0563 (ืื•ืกืฃ ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื), ืžืกืณ 36823

ื‘ึพ5 ื‘ืžืื™ ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ื”ื•ืœื ื“. ื‘ึพ8 ื‘ืžืื™ ื ื›ื ืขื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ื”ืžืกืข ืžื˜ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืœืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ ืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ืจื’ืื•. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืžืคื” ืžืกืณ 3 ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืคืช ืœืดืกืคืจ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืด ืœืฉื ืช 1941 (IE 762 b), ืžืฆื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 1935 (ืงื˜ืข), ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืดืž, ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช; ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืชื•ื’ืจืคื™
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืกืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžื˜ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“?

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื•ืžืฆืจืคืช ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’, ืฉื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ืงืกืจืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืดื”ืžืœืš ื’ืณื•ืจื’ืณืด, ืžืกืณ 106. (ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™), ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’, 2011
Appaloosa_LE, CC BY-SA 3.0

ืฉื™ื›ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงืกืจืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื’ืณื•ืจื’ืณ, ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ
ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืกืขื” ืžืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืงืืกืœ ื•ื“ื•ืจื˜ืžื•ื ื“. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, 1945, ืžืืช ื™ื•ื–ืฃ ืคื•ืจืกื˜
ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจืคืช (Bibliothรจque Nationale de France), ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ึพ21 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™, ืขื–ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ
ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืืกืœ ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ืงื• ื‘ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืจื” ืงื•ื ื™ื’ืก, 29 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1945
ยฉ Alamy, ืžื–ื”ื”: 2K1999C

ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงืืกืœ, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื” ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ื”.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ึพ23 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืขื™ืจ ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“?

ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื›ืขืงื•ืจื™ื (D.P). ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืชื•ืขื“ื•. ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš, ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ (D.P), ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜, 25 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1945
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืชืขืชื™ืง

A.E.F [Allied Expeditionary Force] ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืขืงื•ืจ
ืžืกืคืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื N61254953, ืžืงื•ืจื™
ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ื˜ืœ, ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืฉืœืžื” ืืœื—ื ืŸ
ืžื™ืŸ: ื–[ื›ืจ], ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™: ืจื•ื•ืง
ื ืชื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช: ื”ื•ืœื ื“
ืชืืจื™ืš ืœื™ื“ื”: 18-4-1930, ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื“ื”: ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžื—ื•ื–: ืฆ[ืคื•ืŸ] ื”[ื•ืœื ื“], ืืจืฅ: ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื“ืช (ืจืฉื•ืช): ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™
ืฉื ื”ืื‘ ื”ืžืœื: ื˜ืœ, ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ, ืฉื ื”ืื ื”ืžืœื: ื•ื– ื“ื™ืืก, ืคืจื“ืจื™ืงื”
ื™ืขื“ ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ: ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืจื—ืณ ื™ื•ื”[ืื ืก] ืคืจื”ื•ืœืกื˜ 73
ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ึพ1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1938: ื›ื ืดืœ
ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื• ืžืฉืœื— ื™ื“: ืชืœืžื™ื“
ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”: ื”ื•ืœ[ื ื“ื™ืช]
ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื ืจืฉื: ื—ืณ ื˜ืœ, ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืจืฉื: G.D
ืชืืจื™ืš: 25-6-45, ืžืกืคืจ ืžืจื›ื– ืจื™ืฉื•ื: P
ื™ืขื“ ืื• ืžืจื›ื– ืงืœื™ื˜ื”: ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜
ื”ืขืจื•ืช: ืžืžื—ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื‘ืจื’ืŸึพื‘ืœื–ืŸ
[ื”ื’ืขื”:] 23-6-45, ืืกื™ืจ ืคื•ืœ[ื™ื˜ื™], [ืขื–ื™ื‘ื”:] 29-6-45 ืืœ ื”ื™ืขื“

ื‘ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืกื’ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืงื•ืจื™ื.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื?

ืขื ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ื ืจืฉืžื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฆื‘ื”.

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945โ€“1948
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ 010009004320, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ึพ29 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืขื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ
ืคื ืงืก ื”ืชืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืคึฐืจึตื™ื™ ื˜ืœ, 1945
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืชืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืงืฆื‘ื”.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ื’ืข, ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื™.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื?

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฆืื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 1945 ืžืฆืื” ืคึฐืจึตื™ื™ ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื•ืœื”.

ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ืงืื“ื” 7โ€“9, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1955
ยฉ ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ 010009011127

ืื™ืžื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืžื ื• ื’ื•ืจืฉื ื•.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืจื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื•.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ืขื–ื‘ื ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื›ืžืฉืคื—ื”.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™

ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื?

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืฉื“ื“ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื. ื”ื ื”ืชืื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื ืจืฆื—ื•. ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืงื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.

ืคึฐืจึตื™ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขืกืง ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื?

ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื ืขืžื™ ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืื– ืžืขืฆืจื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1943. ื”ื ืคืกืคืกื• ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืขืช ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื.

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžื“ ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1945. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ืื“ืกื˜ื™ืžืจื˜ืื•ืŸ 1 (ื›ื™ื•ื ืืžืกื˜ืœ 159โ€“163), 1973, ืฆื™ืœื•ื: J. M. Arsath Roโ€™is
ยฉ ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ 010122023447

ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™

ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื• ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืžื—ื‘ื•ื.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ

ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื” ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1945?

ืื ืœื™ ื•ืื—ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกื˜, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ืงืฉื”, ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืชึพืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™, ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืณ (ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”), ืฉื ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.

ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืกืขื” ืžืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืงืืกืœ ื•ื“ื•ืจื˜ืžื•ื ื“. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, 1945, ืžืืช ื™ื•ื–ืฃ ืคื•ืจืกื˜
ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจืคืช (Bibliothรจque Nationale de France), ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ

ืื—ื™ ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขึพืขืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื–ื ื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ืฉื—ืคืช. ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืœ ืจืง 21 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™
ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืื ืœื™, ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืืœื–ืืก ื•ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืณ, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1945
ยฉ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื˜ืื•ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ / ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื, ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ื™ A 63897

ืขืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืณ, ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืจืดื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืณ. ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื ืœื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืกืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1945?

ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืœื‘ื ื‘ืš ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ. ื”ื ืฉืžืขื• ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ ื•ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืณ ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ืื ืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืชื. ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ.

ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืื ืœื™ ืขื ื™ึถื˜ ื•ื—ึฐืจึตื™ื™ื˜ ืื“ืจืกื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1945
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื™, ื—ึฐืจึตื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืงืจืœ ืื“ืจืกื”ื™ื™ื. ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืจื˜ื”. ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื—ืœืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ืื ืœื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“?

ืื ืœื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ืืฆืœ ืื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื”, ื”ื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื”. ื™ื•ืกื˜, ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื ืœื™.

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ืื ื ื™ ื—ืื•ื“ืงื˜
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ
ื‘ืจื˜ื” ื—ืื•ื“ืงื˜
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืœืื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื” ื—ืื•ื“ืงื˜. ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกืชื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 1942, ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1945, ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื•ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื”.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™
ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืฃ, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืฉื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื” ื•ืื ืœื™. ื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฆื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1935
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ PRKBB00478000002, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ื’ืจืชื™ ืขื ื“ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื”, ืืš ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืืžืฆื™ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืžืœืœื”. ื—ืกืจื” ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™
ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจืŸ
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื™ื•ืกื˜ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืกื˜ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•. ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

Annelie
ืื ืœื™

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”?

ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžืžื—ื ื” ื•ืกื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจืง ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1945. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืœื•ึผ ืจื™ื™ื ืจ, ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืืคึผ ื•ืžืจืงื• ื•ืื—ื™ื™ื ื” ืกื•ืœ ืงื™ืžืœ ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื—ื ื” ื•ืกื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืคืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“ (ืงื˜ืข), ื”ื•ืฆืื”: John Bartholomew & Son Ltd., ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•, 1944 ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘
ยฉ Collins Bartholomew Ltd.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืืœืฆื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจืง?

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื—ืกืจืช ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื ื” ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื•ึผ ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืืคึผ ื•ืžืจืงื•, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืืคึผ, ืœื•ึผ ื•ืžืจืงื• ืขื ืกื•ืœ ืงื™ืžืœ
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืขื” ื‘ึพ8 ื‘ืžืื™ 1945, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื.

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ืืคึผ

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื• ื›ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”.

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ืืคึผ

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืกืชื“ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื?

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืžืฆืื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ืงืื“ื” 8. ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืฉื›ื ื™ื”ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืžืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืคืจื˜ ืžืžืคืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945 (ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘), J. W. M. van der Stok
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ KAVB00031000001, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ืงืื“ื” 7โ€“9, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1955
ยฉ ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืžืกืณ 010009011127

ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉื›ื ืชื ื• ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื ืื™ืžื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉืžืจืช. ื”ืฉื›ื ื”... ืฆืจื ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื ื” ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืื•ืชื ื•.

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ืืคึผ

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ืขื ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ?

ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืคืจื“ื” ืžืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื ืจืฆื— ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื™ื“ืจื‘ืจืš, ืกืžื•ืš ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ืกืคื•. ื”ื ื”ืกืชื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืื‘ื.

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื™ื“ืจื‘ืจืš. ืžืฆื‘ื” ืœื–ื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ึน ืจื™ื™ื ืจ, ืื•ื•ื” ืงื™ืžืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, 2012
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืชืขืชื™ืง

ืคืดื 
ืจืณ ื™ื•ืกืฃ
ื‘ืŸ ืจืณ ืืคืจื™ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ
ื•ืฉื ืืžื• ืจื—ืœ
ื”ื ืจืฆื— ืขืดื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื”
ื•ื™ืขืจ ืœืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื•
ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืฆื™ืœ

ื›ืืŸ ื ื˜ืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœื ื• ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—, ื™ื•ื–ืฃ ืจื™ื™ื ืจ, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ึพ20 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1897, ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ึพ7 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1945

ืœื–ื›ืจื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื” ืงื™ืžืœึพื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ ื›ื”ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืณ ื›ื”ืŸ, ืืจืชื•ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ
ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1943 ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื• ื’ื•ืจืœ ื“ื•ืžื”
ืช.ื .ืฆ.ื‘.ื”

ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื ื• ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื™ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ืกื˜ืคืœื“ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืกื” ืคืœื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื.

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ืืคึผ

ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืชื™ ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื“ื•ื“ื” ืื•ื•ื” ืœื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ.

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ืืคึผ

ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื ื“ื•ื“ื” ื’ื•ึผืกื˜ึดื™, ื“ื•ื“ ืฆึทืณืืจื ึถื”, ืืจืชื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื•. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื”ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืงื•ื“ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘. ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื• ืœื ืœืชืช ืœื›ืื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื ื•.

Ab
ืืคึผ

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื?

ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื ืขืžื™, ืื ืœื™ ื•ืืคึผ ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ืืคึผ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ืคึฐืœื•ึนื”ึถื”, ื”ื•ืœื ื“, 1952
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืดืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืด.

Ab
ืืคึผ

ืณืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืณ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ โ€“ ืื›ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื•ืœื ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื•ืื”.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ