ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืคืจืง 9
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ืขื ืชื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคืจืง ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืดืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืด ื•ืขืงื‘ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”. ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ. ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืื™ 1948 ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉืื™ืคืชื, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ50 ื”ื ืขืœื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืชื™ ืขืœื” ื—ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ?

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1950 ืกื™ื™ื ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื›ื”ื ื“ืกืื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ืช ื“ื™ื’ ื›ืžื›ื•ื ืื™. ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื•ืœื ื“ ืืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืข ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื—ื ืŸ ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืคืœืžื—ื™ื.

ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื—ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืข ื—ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื™ื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.

ื—ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”, 1950/51
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ
ื—ื ืŸ (ืžืฉืžืืœ) ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ื™ื’, 1950/51
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1952 ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ื—ื ืŸ ืœืฆื”ืดืœ. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ.

ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ืฆื”ืดืœ
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ
ื—ื ืŸ ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1954, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™, ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื“ืœืคื˜. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื™, ื•ื‘ึพ1956 ื”ื ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื, 1956
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ื ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืืœื™ืฉืข, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1958 ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1959 ืขืœืชื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ืขืžื™, ืืคึผ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื. ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืื ืœื™ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื ื’ื‘.

ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืžื™, ื—ื•ื ื™, ืขื ื“ื•ื“ื• ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื• ืืœื™ืฉืข, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, 1960
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื ืขืžื™, ืืคึผ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื. ืชืฆืœื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1960. ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื ื™, ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืžื™ (ืžืฉืžืืœ), ื•ืืœื™ืฉืข, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื—ื•ื‘ืฉ ื›ื•ื‘ืข).

ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ื˜ืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืดืžื›ืชืฉื™ื ื“ืจื•ืืด
ืžืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ ื˜ืœ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข

ื—ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื ื’ื‘. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื–ื• ืขื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช.

ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื“ืœื”: ื‘ืฉื ืช 1960 ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ื ืžื™ื›ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1965 ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืœื™ืื•ืจื”.

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1974
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฆื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืฉื ืช 1974. ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืืœื™ืฉืข, ืžื™ื›ื”, ื—ื ืŸ, ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ื•ืื ืœื™.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื—ื ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื–ืžื ื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœึพ50 ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื• ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ืจืคืืœ, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืžืจืคื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.

ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ60 ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื’ืŸึพื‘ืœื–ืŸ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืœืคืชืข ื ืชืงืœื” ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื ืขืœ โ€“ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื™ืœืžืช ืœืขื‘ืจ.

ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืจื’ืŸึพื‘ืœื–ืŸ, 31 ื‘ืžืื™ 1989
ยฉ ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ื‘ืจื’ืŸึพื‘ืœื–ืŸ, ืžืกืณ 9514

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1992 ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื ืขืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1945 โ€“ ืงื‘ืจ ืื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.

ื—ื ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืงื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืœื ื’ื ื ืื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฃ, 2011
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื—ื ืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ.

ืจื™ื™ื– ื‘ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ (ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืžืกืข) 1719โ€“1724, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ื˜ื•ืœ, 1752
ืื•ืกืฃ ืืœืืจื“ ืคื™ืจืกื•ืŸ, ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื–ื ื˜ืœื™ืื ื”, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ืชืขืชื™ืง

ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื•ื™
ื“ืจืš ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื”ืžื™ื”, ืžื•ืจืื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ืฉื˜ื™ืจื™ื”, ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ื˜ื™ืจื•ืœ, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืคืจื™ื•ืœื™, ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ื”, ืžืืจืงื”, ืจื•ืžืื ื™ื”, ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืœื•ื ื™ื”
ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1763โ€“1846. ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืืช ื—ืจื™ื˜ ืœืžื‘ืจื˜ืก, 1818
ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื/ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืžืกืณ KOG-AA-2-16-298, ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื

ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”? ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ืฉืชืงืขื” ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื? ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื—ื ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื”ืชื—ืงื” ืื—ืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื“ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ18. ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืจ ื’ื ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืคืจื˜.

ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, 2018
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื—ื ืŸ ื ืฉื ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•.

ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื. ืžื” ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™, ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™? ืื ื—ื ื•, ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืคืœื™ื” ื•ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื™ื‘.

Chanan
ื—ื ืŸ
ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื—ื ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ึพ24 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืึพืขืฉืจ ื ื›ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื”ึพืขืฉืจ ื ื™ื ื™ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืื ืœื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ?

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ืกืขื” ืื ืœื™ ืขื ืื—ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกื˜ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1950, ืคื’ืฉื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืึพืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื.

ืื ืœื™ (ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ) ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, 1951
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืขื ื”ื’ืขืชื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืื ืœื™ ืœื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ื‘ืข, ื•ืฉื”ืชื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1951 ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื—ื™ืคื”, ืฉื ืœืžื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”, ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืื”. ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื ืจืฉืžื” ืœืงื•ืจืก ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช.

ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ืกืขื” ืื ืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืืš ืœื ืื–ืจื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื, ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืื™ึพื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”.

ืื ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, 1952/53
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ืžื“ืขื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ืชื”.

ืื ืœื™ ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1956. ื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ. ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช.

ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1956
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1958 ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืœื™ืฉืข. ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1959 ืขืœื• ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืื ืœื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉืชืงืขื• ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข. ืื ืœื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.

ืื ืœื™ ื•ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ืช ื‘ื ื’ื‘, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ60 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ20
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื•ื”ืœ. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ืื ืœื™ ืขื ื‘ื ื” ืืœื™ืฉืข.

ืขื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1966 ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ืœื”ืื’, ืฉื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1971 ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื”, 1970. ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืืœื™ืฉืข, ืžื™ื›ื”, ืื ืœื™ ื•ืœื™ืื•ืจื”
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ
ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื”, 1970. ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืžื™ื›ื”, ืื ืœื™, ืืœื™ืฉืข ื•ืœื™ืื•ืจื”
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ
ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, 1970/71. ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืืœื™ืฉืข, ืœื™ืื•ืจื”, ืื ืœื™ ื•ืžื™ื›ื”
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื” ืื ืœื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ื“ืงื” ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.

ืื ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ70 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ20
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” โ€“ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืงื”ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื” ื”ึพ75 ืฉืœ ืื ืœื™ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ืื ืœื™ ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ึพ25 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 85. ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืึพืขืฉืจ ื ื›ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื”ึพืขืฉืจ ื ื™ื ื™ื.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœื” ืืคึผ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ20?

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืขืจ ื™ื“ืข ืืคึผ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1958, ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื—ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. 

ืืคึผ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ืคึฐืœื•ึนื”ึถื”, ื”ื•ืœื ื“, 1952
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1945 ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.

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ืืคึผ

ื’ื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืดืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืด, ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ืขืœื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจืฆื”.

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ืืคึผ
ืืคึผ ื•ื ืขืžื™, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1949
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืชืจืช ื™ื•ืœื™ืื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ืœื™ื“ ื ืขืžื™โ€ฆ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ ื“ื™ึพื ื•ืจโ€ฆ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ!

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ืืคึผ
ืืคึผ (ืžืฉืžืืœ) ื•ืกื•ืœ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, 1950
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1944 ืื™ืžื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืชืžืžืŸ ืœื ื• ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ืื ื ืฆื ืžื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื.

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ืืคึผ
ื˜ืงืก ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืขืžื™ ื•ืืคึผ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1952
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื ืขืžื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1952 ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ื ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืก.

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ืืคึผ
ืืœื™ืงื™ื (ืžืฉืžืืœ) ื•ืขืžื•ืก (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ), 1957
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืดื›ืฉืขืžื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ืื—ื™ื• ืืœื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ ืื— ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ื•ื ื™ืด.

ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1959 ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

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ืืคึผ
ืืคึผ ืจื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ60 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ20
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืดืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื ืชืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืชืด.

ื—ื•ื ื™ (ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืžืืœ), ืขืžื•ืก (ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ), ืืจื™ืืœื” (ื‘ืžืจื›ื–) ื•ืืœื™ืงื™ื (ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ), 1964
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1963 ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืืจื™ืืœื”, ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืฉื ื”, ื ืกืขื ื• ืœืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ ืœึพMIT (ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกืฆืณื•ืกื˜ืก) ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.

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ืืคึผ
Caption: ื“ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื™ืืœื” (ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืžืืœ ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”), ื“ื•ื“ื” ืจื• (ืื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื ื“ืจ, ืฉื•ืจื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ืžืฉืžืืœ), ืืคึผ ื•ื ืขืžื™ (ืฉื•ืจื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ), ืขืžื•ืก, ื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ืืœื™ืงื™ื (ืฉื•ืจื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ), ืื ื˜ื•ื•ืจืคืŸ, 1973
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื• ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ื•ึน ื•ืืŸ ื“ืจ ื”ืœื ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื ื• ืืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื”.

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ืืคึผ
ืืคึผ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืดื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช. ื”ื ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ื’ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ืด.

ืืคึผ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ึพ21 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2025, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 96.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืœืžื” ื ืขืžื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ?

ื ืขืžื™ ืฆื™ืคืชื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืชื™ื‘ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืดืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืด. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1959.

ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ (ืžืฉืžืืœ), ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื ืขืžื™, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1945/46
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืœ

ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1945 ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ื ื˜ืกื•ืจื™, ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ื ืขืžื™ ื•ืืคึผ ืœืื—ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1952
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืืคึผ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ึพ1948 ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ึพ1952.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ืขืžื•ืก ื•ื ืขืžื™, ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, 1953
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

"ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, 1952, ื ื•ืœื“ ืขืžื•ืก, ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•. 

ื‘ึพ1956 ื•ื‘ึพ1958 ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืืœื™ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื ื™. 

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืืจื™ืืœื” ื•ื“ืœื™ืช, ื‘ึพ1963 ื•ื‘ึพ1966".

ื‘ื‘ืจื’ืŸึพื‘ืœื–ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™

ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ืขืžื•ืก ื•ื ืขืžื™, 1973
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

"ื ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš (M.A.) ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขืžื•ืก ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•! ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืขืœืชื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ืืณ!"

ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื•ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ื ืขืžื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ืื™, ื›ืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื‘, 2015
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื—ืœื•ื. ื—ืœื•ื ื ืื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืณื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ื’ืžืจืณ ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจโ€ฆ

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ืืคึผ, ื ืขืžื™ ื•ื‘ืชื ื“ืœื™ืช (ืขื•ืžื“ืช), ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2023
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืชืขืชื™ืง

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืืจืฆื ื• (ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืื‘ืง) (ื›ืจื–ื” ืงื“ืžื™ืช)
ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” (ื›ืจื–ื” ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช)

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœ ื•ืจื™ื ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืคื™ื•ืก ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื™ืงืจ ืœืœื™ื‘ืŸ.

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืดื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืืจืฆื ื•โ€ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ ืืช ื”ืืžืจื” ืดื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืืจืฆื ื•ืด (ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ืจื•ืžืคืœื“ื•ืจ).

ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืดื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืืงื“ืžื™ื”ืด ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืš. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื‘ืš, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ืื™ืฉื” ืžืชืื‘ืœืช, ืคืกืœ ืžืืช ื ืขืžื™ ืจื™ื ืช, 2010
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื ืช

ืื ื™ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืคื ื•ื™ โ€“ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื, ืœืงืจื•ื, ืœืคืกืœ ื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ ื”ื ืื” ืจื‘ื”.

Noomi
ื ืขืžื™
ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœ ื•ืจื™ื ืช, ื™ืขืจ ืืฉืชืื•ืœ ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ, 2004
ยฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœ ื•ืจื™ื ืช

"ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืœื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืงืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ืžื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื!"

ืคืจืง 10: ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ